In fact, except for cotton fabrics, almost all fiber fabrics will shrink a certain degree after the initial washing. This is because fabric fiber is woven from long chain of high molecular organic matter, and these organic matter long chains are curled up in the state of its lowest freedom. In order to weave straight clothes, in the process of textile natural fibers or synthetic artificial fibers, they will heated and stretch fibers. The curly fiber was opened during heating, and the straight straightened was pulled under the action of external force. A new key connection was formed between the fibers during the cooling process, and the straight shape was fixed.
During the first washing process, the water molecule entered the gap between the fabric fiber, weakened the interaction of the fiber molecules, and the tight fiber molecule was relaxed, and the size of the clothes after drying decreased. During the washing process, the external force beating of the clothing may also break the key between the fiber molecules, which causes the fiber to relax and shrink. In addition, wool fabrics may also appear “shrinkage” during the washing process. This is because the surface of the hair is covered with a layer of keratin. This will also cause the fabric to shrink.
All in all, during the washing process, the molecule entered the fiber gap, the keys in the fabric fiber molecule were weakened, and the fiber curled and contracted, which was the main reason for the shrinkage of the fabric. The weakening of the keys between fibrous molecules is mainly caused by water molecules entering the molecular gap. Therefore, although the clothes of different materials may shrink, the fiber arrangement of loose fabrics, such as wool and cotton clothes, are more obvious.
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Edit: YRLEWIS