In recent years, there are more and more tourists to Hokkaido in Japan. Tourists who go to Hokkaido will not miss Sapporo, because Sapporo is the capital of Hokkaido and the largest city in Hokkaido. But there is another place to go to Hokkaido, the coastal city Hakodate in the southern part of Hokkaido.
Hakodate is a coastal city in southern Hokkaido. It guards the Jinqing Strait and has a wide water in the water. It is very important. Since the 17th century, as Tokugawa Shogunate began to get involved in Hokkaido, Hakodate became an important military base.
(The geographical location of Hakodate is located at the southern end of Hokkaido)
In 1854, the U.S. black ship was coming, and the United States and Japan signed the “Japan and the United States”. The Japanese country was forcibly opened, and Hakodate became one of the first ports to open the port.
In view of the important geographical location of Hakodate, the Tokugawa Shogunate decided to strengthen the military defense construction of Hakodate, so the same year in Hakodate’s port, Tokugawa Shogunate ordered to build a bunker in Hakodate, starting in 1857. It is today’s Hakodate Wutien Guo.
The bastard is a fortress invented by Westerners in the era of firearms. This fortress is different from the previous square fortress. Its main feature is that the shape is polygonal, mostly above the pentagon, so that each city wall has the enemy when facing the enemy. At a certain perspective, it is difficult for the enemy artillery to bombard the city wall, which greatly reduces the lethality of the solid artillery artillery.
At present, the relatively mainstream view of the historical community believes that the Castle originated in Italy in the 16th century, and was later learned from Western countries. Among them, the Dutch was most enthusiastic about building the Castle because of the wide range of plains in the Netherlands and lack of high mountains and rivers as heaven. In European countries, in European countries In the melee, it was very disadvantaged, especially in the Spanish war, the Dutch’s firepower and troops did not dominate, so the Dutch built a large number of astrological bunkers.
(The Dutch’s astrological fortress, which is accompanied by the moat, is extremely strong in this castle during the 16-18 century)
The Netherlands continued to rotate with the Spaniards by virtue of the Castle, and finally forced Spain to recognize its independence. After the independence, the Dutch also embarked on the road of external colonial expansion. At the end of the 16th century, they entered East Asia and Daming and Japan to do business, and even stole Taiwan Island.
After the Dutch occupied Taiwan, he built Relax on the island. The scale of Relanz is not large. It is a low -profile edge castle. Here is a huge trouble.
(Related City, also known as Taiwan City)
In 1661, Zheng Chenggong attacked Taiwan. After quickly landing on the tide, Zheng Chenggong surrounded the Dutch’s capital, the capital of the Dutch. However, due to the insufficient power of artillery, Zheng Chenggong’s 25,000 troops have never been able to conquer Relan to cover the city. Finally, it was forced to surrender through the siege of one year. There are only less than 1,500 troops, which shows the strength of this fortress.
In the same period of the Dutch, the Japanese also realized the power of the edge. So when the defense worker was built in Hakodate, the Japanese chose to build a star -shaped fortress to deal with the powerful US Russian Navy. Here is the Hakodate Wulian Guo.
(Hakodate five -edge Guo Guo Bird’s view)
The Hakodate Wuling Guo is completely built in the starbroken in the Netherlands. Its formal name is “Turkish Farfrains of Katsnut” or “Liuye City”, but today it is mostly called Hakodate Wulian Guo.
After the completion of the Wuling, only one war was a war. As the last base camp of the Sakura faction, Turkish -year -olds, Sanben Wuyang, and others have established the “shrimp Republic” here, and continue to fight against the Meiji government after the surrender of Tokugawa Ieyasu. It was not until the beginning of 1869 that the Wuling Guo was overcome by the court army that the curtain faction failed completely.
In this war, almost all above -ground buildings were destroyed, and the remaining relics are now repaired in the future. At present, Wutano has become a designated relic of Japan. When you go to Hakodate, you must take a look.
(Today’s Hakodate Wutieo has become a park)